Pipe-covering.



- PATENPTED JULY 30, 1907.

J. H. WILSON.

PIPE COVERING.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23, 1906.

JOHN H. WILSON. OF I llhll'll l @iilllg PATENT @hhllQfE.

NDIANAPOLIS, lNDIAXA, ASHltlNtllt 'lO Nii'llUNAll INSULATING AND Mi t}. ("O Oi lNDlANAlULlS, INDIANA.

PIPE-CGVEBVXNG.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Eaten/ted July 3 1397.

Application filed June 23,1906. Serial No. 323,144,

in; pipes with-noneomlu -ting material to prevent the passage of heal. or t'olil either to or from the same, the objeet. ot' the invention being to,provide a proeessl'or forming a jointli ss eovering in a simple and ine: \'pehsive nnniner about the pipe, and which will (-ontinin ously t'tH/t'l' the pipe and its littings or adjunt'ts and el'leetually overcome the objections to prior proeesses or eonstruetions wherein sectional coverings and external lastenings are employed.

The preferred mode of carrying the invention into praetiee is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which,-

Figure l is a side elevation of a pipe t-ouiposed of a number of sections and fittings, showing dil'l'erent. stages in the process ol' eoverin the same. Fig. 2 is a similar View. showing the pipe as it appt-ius when eoniplett-d. Fig. 3 is a (Toss ,zetinn through one of the set-Lions ol' the completed pipe. Fig. 4 is a detail view oi'a strip employed in the operation of eovering a pipe lilting.

Referring to the drawings, wherein is shown 'a pipe composed of a. nuinberol' seetions and littings, the numerals i, 2, ii and 4, respectively, represent the seetions of the pipe, the sections 1 and Ii being illustrated as connected with the seetion 2 by eouplings or littings 4, from which suitable branrh pipes may lead. and the set-lions 3 and 4 united by an elbow 5.

l n Fig. l, l. have shown the seetions 3 and l, the couplings 4. and the elbow 5 covered up to the linul stage of applying the outer wrapper, while an inner sheet of material is applied in position to be wrapped around the pipe seetion 2 in the preliminary operation of forming the pipe eov ering.

[n Fig. 2, the operation of covering the pipe is compit-ted.

The method of covering, the pipe eonsists in first laying out a primary sheet of asbestos paper or fabric ti the length of the pipe to be eovered between the fittings or hangers, such as shown in Fig. l, with relation to pipe section 2. A eoatingot' cement is then applied to the sheet ti and the latter wrapped around the pipe, the cement fastening the sheet to thepipe and closing the pores of the sheet. Any number of sheets of ashestos may he applied in the same manner aeeording to the thickness desired. A second sheet 7 of wool felt is then coated with cement in the same manner and wrapped around the inner sheet ti, this operation heing continued by using a number of sheets or sheets of ttii't'erent lengths and so applying them until aeovering ot' the requisite thiekness is obtained hill the seetipns oi the pipe. ioeluding the elbows, are covered in like manner and to the same thickness. The fittings 4 are then eovered in like manner with similar" strips 8 of 6G asbestos and wool felt and built up to a-same thickness as the covering on the pipe proper, OI C()t 21.!,tllil3 particular mode of operation of lirst eovering the pipe seetions and then entering the fittings may be departed from, and lhe litlings may first be covered and 55. the sections {Bl the pipe thereafter eovered until the applied (over-tug so l'ar described is of uniform thickness throughotit the length of the pipe; that is,the eovering about the pipe sections is built up to the same level asor so as to lie llush with the covering on the H2 fittings. The eovering sheets and strips may be oated on one or both sides \S'lill lllt t'enient, as desired.

In practice, 1 mayenipioy any tteinenl. suitable for the purpose. Ordinarily, a cement consi. ing of the following ingredients combined in the proportions stated is used, to wit: Rye llour, 325 pounds; sal-soda., t3 pounds; gnni arabic, 3 pounds; alum, 3 pounds; start-h, pounds; and lamp black, salt and vitriol tsullurieaeid), each 1 pound. These ingredients arethoroi'ighly mixed by stirring and alter being mixed are thoroughly cooked by. steam. Such 2t cement is deemed preferable, as it is not materially tit-ted by extremes of heat or cold, and in eoiineetion with the covering; applicable either t pipes used to convey hot \ratcip hot air or steam or to cold water pipes, being 8-) effective equally in eonneetion with both.

After the sections and fittings ol the pipe have been independently covered in the manner deseribed, an outer binder covering or wrapper t) t'onsisting of a sheet of some suitable non-conducting material, sueh as either of those heretolore forth, is coated with the cement and wrapped around the pipe and fittings eontinuously along or from end to end oi the pipe, thus connecting and binding all of the previously applied wrappings and producing a covering which ompletely envelops the pipe and all of its portions and which is continuous throughout its length or tree from joints which are liable to break apart or to be otherwise in jut-ed or are mechanically fastened in the ordinary way. This mode of enveloping the pipe with a non-conduct ing covering does away witlithe objectionable praetiee of using a covering composed of sections enveloping the parts of the pipe and joined or connected by fastenings, and the practice of making the sections to individually lit the sections or portions of the pipe at the factory. The present process may he carried out in toto at the time the pipe is to be covered and within the compartment within which it; is located, thus enabling the sec tions of the covering to net-tit out to accurately fit the pipe from rolls or sheets of the asbestos and wool felt.

g esteem Moreover, the covering is superior in point of non-conducting capacity to sectional coverings for obvious reasons.

In practice, a layer of asbestos is preferably first applied, then a layer of woolielt, and then another layer of asbestos, etc., until the desired number of layers are applied,'snch layers of asbestos and wool-felt alternating, as will be readily understood, but this mode of alternately arranging the layers may be departed from after the first layer of wool-felt is applied; in other words, a first layer of asbestos is preierabl y always used, then a second layer of wool felt, after which, if more layers are to he applied, asbestos sheets alone may be used. I

The purpose of the described arrangement is two-fold: First, a layer of wooi-iclt, it first-applied, would be charred by the heatirom high-pressure steam pipes, whereas, by first applying a sheet oi asbestos and then a sheet of wool-felt, the asbcstos will protect the Woolfelt, while the high insulating qualities oi the latter, double that of the asbestos, will still be secured. Practical analytical, tests have shown that a covering applied in accordance with my invention is superior to the highest quality (85%) magnesia covering, which can only be applied in built-up sections, and the use of asbestos and wool-lelt under my method also enables ipes to be co vercd at less cost.

It is Well known that sectional coverings, nccessarily made at the factory from measurements, are open to many Objections. in a large number of cases the sections do not and cannot be made to lit properly, and on this account, and the fact that mechanical iastenings between the sections are employed at the joints, which are liable tower-k loose from vibrations of the pipes, the insulation does not closely cover the pipe, and the joints often open, thus allowing heat or cold to pass to or from the pipe, resulting in a material loss of ei'iiciency. My process overcomes these objections, as the pipe sections can be accurately fitted and closely covered by the layers, and by building out the pipe sections and hangers or fittings uniformly, the outer continuous wrapper will extend across flush joints, thus enveloping all portions of the pipe so closely as to practically avoid all loss' of heat or cold. l u'rthermore, the flushjoint construction not only renders the outer cover sighily, but also enables the joints to be securely closed by the extension of the continuous outer wrapper across the same, thus preventing any possibilityofleakage at the joints, since there. are no couplings to break or work loose under variations of movement of parts of the pipe from vibrations and other causer.

. Having thus described the invention, I claim:

1. The herein described method-of insulating pipes by covering the same with non-conducting material in such' a manner as to secure an exieriorly jointless or contin' uous covering of uniform diameter, the same consisting in luyingpul a sheet of noircouductlng material the length of the pipe to he covered between iittlng's er hangers, then applying aeonliin, of cement thereto, then wrapping the sheet, so coated, around the pipe. then coating :1 second sheet of nonwonduetlng material with cement and wrapping the same around the previouslyapplied covering, independently covering the hangers or littings in like manner until the so covered portions 01 the pipe are of uniform dimneler, and iinnlly cementing and wrapping an outer binding wrapper sheet continuously around the previously applied wrapping-s, thereby for-mini: a continuous joiullcss covering.

.3. The herein described method of covering a pipe wilh a il(iii-t'l)lliili('illl;.f mater-i. which consists in cuttingout wrappers o1 non-condin-ting material of a width con1'orm ing to the part to which they are to be applied, then covcrimr the sections of the pipe and the litlings thereof with Inner and outer cut-out wrappers of dillercnt material until the entire surface of the pipe so covered is uni'A in diameter, and then linally applyinga single llliitlt wrnpping continuously alum, the pipe over lhe previously applied \\'rappcrs. l

.i. 'lhc. herein described mclhod oi insulating pipes by covering the same with n non-conductin mnterlnl sons to secure an exteriorly joinlless or continuous covering of uniform diameter, the same consisting in laying; out n sheet oi non-conducting material the length of the pipe section to he covered between fillings or hangers, then applying :1 coating of cement thereto, then wrapping the sheet so coated around the pipe, then coating asecond sheet of non-conducting material with cement and wrapping the same around the previously applied sheet, inde pendently covering the other sections and hangers or fittings or the pipe in like manner until zill'the sections of the pipe and iitlings are of uniform diameter, and

'tinall wcenienl'in i and wrapping an outer hinder wrapper 

